BoE expected to leave interest rate flat at 4.25% despite inflation remaining above objective

The Bank of England is expected to keep its policy rate at 4.25%.
UK inflation figures remain well above the BoE’s target.
GBP/USD maintains its trade in the upper end of the range near 1.3600.

The Bank of England (BoE) is set to reveal its latest monetary policy decision on Thursday, coinciding with its fourth rate-setting meeting of 2025.

Market analysts anticipate that the central bank will keep its benchmark interest rate steady at 4.25% after the reduction announced during the May 8 meeting.

The Monetary Policy Committee’s (MPC) decision will be followed by the release of Meeting Minutes, which will detail the internal discussions that shaped the outcome.

As the rate decision appears to be largely anticipated, investors are likely to shift their focus to the anticipated performance of the UK economy, which presents mixed signals. Key considerations will include the potential trajectory of interest rates, the ongoing debate over tariffs, and the recent developments surrounding the US-UK trade agreement.

Rates, elevated inflation and tariffs

The Bank of England has reduced its policy rate by a quarter point to 4.25% as of May 8, following a notably divided vote among the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC): Swati Dhingra and Alan Taylor supported a more significant half-point cut, while Chief Economist Huw Pill and Catherine Mann argued for keeping interest rates unchanged.

The “Old Lady” has updated its inflation forecast for the year and is now projecting a peak of around 3.50%. This adjustment signifies a reduction from a prior estimate of 3.75%, while simultaneously reflecting an increase from the latest official figure of 2.60% noted in March. Experts predict that inflation will reach the 2% target by the first quarter of 2027.

The central bank has forecasted a 1% growth rate for the economy this year, an increase from the previous estimate of 0.75%. The revision reflects a robust conclusion to 2024, bolstered by promising official data from early 2025, which reveals a quarterly growth rate of 0.60% for the first quarter.

The report indicates that the growth surge observed in the January-March period seems to be an isolated incident. As a result, the growth forecast for 2026 has been revised downward to 1.25%, a decrease from the previous estimate of 1.5%.

The most recent data released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) indicates that the annual headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased to 3.4% in May. Core inflation, excluding the fluctuating costs of food and energy, increased by 3.50%, indicating a continued trend of easing underlying price pressure. Services inflation, in the meantime, rose by 4.70% over the last 12 months.

In the meantime, some rate setters, Governor Bailey included, showed some caution regarding the easing cycle going forward, as well as the still elevated consumer prices:

Addressing the Treasury Committee, Governor Andrew Bailey said that his approach to reducing interest rates would be “gradual and careful”. He emphasised that these words served as his guiding principles. He stated that, while he continued to anticipate a decline in rates, the trajectory had become “shrouded in a lot more uncertainty” and had turned “unpredictable” due to the turmoil in global trade policy.

Deputy Governor Sarah Breeden informed the committee that she believed a case for a rate cut existed in May, independent of international developments. She assessed that the domestic disinflationary process was advancing as anticipated and was expected to persist.

MPC member Swati Dhingra also noted that she perceives downside risks to the forecast for UK inflation. She said that the recent upticks in inflation are primarily attributed to escalating energy costs rather than fundamental price pressure.

Policymaker Megan Greene argued that although the bank anticipates a decline in the recent inflation surge, it remains “not sanguine” regarding the outlook. She cautioned about the considerable risk posed by potential second-round effects.

How will the BoE interest rate decision impact GBP/USD?

Investors expect the BoE to retain its reference rate at 4.25% on Thursday at 11:00 GMT.

While the result is fully priced in, attention will focus on the vote split among MPC members, which might be a market mover for the British Pound if it indicates an atypical vote.

In the run-up to the meeting, GBP/USD appears to have met decent contention around the 1.3400 zone, driven by US Dollar (USD) dynamics and shifting sentiment toward US trade policy, as well as reignited geopolitical jitters.

“Cable came under some unconvincing downside pressure after hitting more than three-year highs north of 1.3600 the figure on June 13,” said Pablo Piovano, senior analyst at FXStreet. He noted that a decisive break above the yearly tops could potentially trigger a move toward the 2022 high of 1.3748 (January 13).

On the downside, Piovano identified the 55-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 1.3329 as an initial provisional support, followed by the May trough at 1.3139 (May 12). Once Cable clears the latter, the more relevant 200-day SMA could return to investors’ radar at 1.2922, just before the April floor of 1.2707 (April 7).

Central banks FAQs

Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.

A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.

A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.

Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.

Economic Indicator

BoE Interest Rate Decision

The Bank of England (BoE) announces its interest rate decision at the end of its eight scheduled meetings per year. If the BoE is hawkish about the inflationary outlook of the economy and raises interest rates it is usually bullish for the Pound Sterling (GBP). Likewise, if the BoE adopts a dovish view on the UK economy and keeps interest rates unchanged, or cuts them, it is seen as bearish for GBP.